Does the Principal’s Digital Planning Capacity Play a Role in Achieving Effective Schools?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51454/jet.v7i2.932Keywords:
digital planning capability, educational techology acceptability, school effectivenessAbstract
This study examines the digital planning capabilities of school principals, the use of digital infrastructure, the Teachers’ Acceptance of Digital Aspects, the Principals’ Courage to Take Risks, and their impact on school effectiveness in West Java. The research method used is an associative quantitative approach and the type of research used is an explanatory survey, namely a survey that aims to explain the relationship between variables. The study involved 177 school principals, the study involved school principals at various levels of education (elementary, junior high, senior high, and vocational high schools). Respondents came from various regions in West Java, with respondents predominantly from Sumedang, Purwakarta, Bogor Regency, and the surrounding areas. The results showed that the model used was valid, reliable, free from multicollinearity, had strong predictive power, and fit the data. School effectiveness was positively and significantly influenced by the Principal's digital planning capability, teacher acceptance of digital aspects, and Principals’ Courage to Take Risks. The use of digital infrastructure had a positive but insignificant effect. The model was able to explain 60.1% of the variation in school effectiveness.
Downloads
References
Admiraal, W., Schenke, W., De Jong, L., Emmelot, Y., & Sligte, H. (2021). Schools as professional learning communities: What can schools do to support professional development of their teachers? Professional Development in Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2019.1665573
Akfal, A. Z., Solekh, I. E., & Saefiansyah, P. M. (2025). Transformation in Education: Challenges and Opportunities in Improving the Quality of Learning in the Era of Revolution. Proceedings Series on Social Sciences & Humanities, 24, 204–209. https://doi.org/10.30595/pssh.v24i.1594
Alagbela, A. A., & Bayuo, J. (2024). Characteristics of school effectiveness at the level of colleges of education in Ghana. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 42(4), 2028–2046. https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-06-2023-0267
Alghamdi. (2022). Digital transformation within Saudi education system: 2020 and beyond. Educ.Rev, 6, 419–425. https://doi.org/10.26855/er.2022.08.014
Ali, N., Sharma, S., & Zaman, A. (2017). School culture and school effectiveness: secondary schools in Pakistan. MOJEM: Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 4(4), 50–65.
Ally, & Wark. (2020). Increasing access through mobile learning. Commonwealth of Learning.
Amar, & Eleyan. (2022). Effect of Principal’s Technology Leadership On Teachers’ Technology Integration. International Journal of Instruction, 15(1), 781–798. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2022.15145
Andersen, L. B., Basballe, D. A., Buus, L., Dindler, C., Hansen, T. I., Hjorth, M., Iversen, O. S., Johannessen, C. M., Kanstrup, K. H., Lorentzen, R. F., Misfeldt, M., Musaeus, L. H., Nielsen, C. B., Petersen, M. G., Schrøder, V., & Slot, M. F. (2024). Infrastructuring digital literacy in K-12 education: A national case study. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 42, 100697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2025.104350
As’ad, Anita, & Yulianto. (2018). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah dan Kompetensi Pedagogik Guru terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa SMK PGRI 11 Ciledug pada Kota Tangerang Banten. Transparansi: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Administrasi, 1(2), 149–157.
Azizi, M. H., Putra, I. M., & Saman, S. (2024). Adaptasi Guru terhadap Teknologi Pendidikan di Era Digital: Tantangan dan Peluang. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Khatulistiwa, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.26418/jppk.v1i01.88584
Bishara, S. (2018). School Effectiveness and Student Achievement. International Journal of Contemporary Research and Review, 8(2), 20171–20188. https://doi.org/DOI:10.15520/ijcrr/2017/8/02/123
Bond, M., Marín, V. I., Dolch, C., Bedenlier, S., & Zawacki-Richter, O. (2018). Digital transformation in German higher education: student and teacher perceptions and usage of digital media. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 15(1), 1–20.
Bryson, J. M. (2018). Strategic planning for public and nonprofit organizations: A guide to strengthening and sustaining organizational achievement.
Camarini, N. P. I., Riastini, P. N., & Suarjana, I. M. (2024). Permasalahan Penggunaan Aplikasi Digital: Studi Masalah Guru Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Media Dan Teknologi Pendidikan, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.23887/jmt.v4i2.62701
Carmo, J. E. S., Klingenberg, C. O., Lacerda, D. P., & Piran, F. A. S. (2025). Digital transformation in the management of higher education institutions. Sustainable Futures, 9, 100692.
Chatzipanagiotou, P., & Katsarou, E. (2023). Crisis Management, School Leadership in Disruptive Times and the recovery of schools in the post COVID-19 Era: A systematic literature review. In Education Sciences, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020118
Cheng, Y. C. (2022). School effectiveness and school-based management: A mechanism for development. Routledge.
Chorosova, O. M., Aetdinova, R. R., Solomonova, G. ., & Protodyakonova, G. Y. (2020). Conceptual approaches to the identification of teachers’ digital competence: cognitive modelling. Education and Self Development, 15(3).
Darwis, A. A., Helmina, & Azainil. (2024). Dampak Digitalisasi Pendidikan terhadap Kepemimpinan Kepala Sekolah. Journal on Education, 7(1), 4698–4706.
Demastus, J., Ohsowski, B. M., & Landrum, N. E. (2025). Exploring the nexus of organisational culture and sustainability for green innovation. Industry and Innovation, 32(1), 108–138.
Dexter, S., Richardson, J. W., & Nash, J. (2023). Leadership for technology integration and digital transformation in schools: A systematic review. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 55(4), 587–605. https://doi.org/10.1080/15391523.2022.2030264
Disdik Jabar. (2023). Profil Pendidikan Provinsi Jawa Barat Tahun 2023. Bandung: Dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Jawa Barat. https://disdik.jabarprov.go.id
Djunaedi, Effendi, Arianto, & Iriawan. (2023). Effectiveness of Lecturer Development Programs in the Context of Higher Education Management. Al-Fikrah, 11(2), 310–322.
Ergin, İ., Kaplan, F., & Korkmaz, A. (2021). Teachers and school administrators’ perceptions of characteristics of an effective school: A study of Anatolian high schools (exam-based entrance high schools) in Turkey. South African Journal of Education, 41(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v41n4a196
Feng, Y., Dai, J., & Zhang, L. (2025). Digital infrastructure and income disparities: A quasi-natural experiment based on the “Broadband China” strategy. International Review of Economics & Finance, 102, 104350.
García-Ruiz, Buenestado-Fernández, & Ramírez-Montoya. (2023). Assessment of Digital Teaching Competence: Instruments, results and proposals. Systematic literature review. Educacion XX1, 26(1), 273–301.
Garzón-Artacho, E., Sola-Martínez, T., Romero-Rodríguez M, J., & Gómez-García. (2021). Teachers’ perceptions of digital competence at the lifelong learning stage. Heliyon, 7(7).
Gil-Flores, Rodríguez-Santero, & Ortiz-de-Villate. (2024). Teaching Practices and Organisational Aspects Associated with the Use of ICT. Large-Scale Assessments in Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-024-00215-w
Gopal. (2020). Digital education transformation: a pedagogical revolution. J.Educ. Technol, 17(2).
Hair, & Alamer. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1(3), 100027.
Haryanti, Rakhmawati, & Subriadi. (2023). The Extended Digital Maturity Model. Big Data Cogn. Comput, 7(17).
Hermita, N., Wijaya, T. T., Yusron, E., Abidin, Y., Alim, J. A., & Putra, Z. H. (2023). Extending unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to understand the acceptance of digital textbook for elementary School in Indonesia. Frontiers in Education, 8(February). https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2023.958800
Iba, Z., & Wardhana. (2024). Analisis Jalur (Path Analysis) dengan SMART-PLS. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/382115954
Javornik, Š., & Mirazchiyski, E. K. (2023). Factors Contributing to School Effectiveness: A Systematic Literature Review. Investigation in Health Psychology and Education, 13(10), 2095–2111. https://doi.org/doi: 10.3390/ejihpe13100148
Juhji. (2020). Manajemen Humas Sekolah. Bandung: Widina Bhakti Persada.
Junindra, A., Fitri, H., Putri, A. R., Nasti, B., & Erita, Y. (2021). Mendesain Pembelajaran IPS dan PKn Berbasis Literasi ICT (Information and Communication Technology) pada Tingkat Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(6), 6264–6270.
Kemendikbudristek. (2023). Laporan Implementasi Sekolah Digital di Jawa Barat. Jakarta: Pusat Data dan Teknologi Informasi Kemendikbudristek. https://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id
Khan, & Ahmad. (2021). The role of school leadership in promoting digital transformation: Insights from a developing country. Education and Information Technologies, 26(5), 6571–6590.
Khodir, F., Khairi, F. I., & Kibtiyah, A. (2024). KESENJANGAN GENERASI ANTARA GURU & MURID DIERA DIGITALISASI PEDIDIKAN. Jurnal Studi Multidisipliner, 8(7).
Kibinda, N., Shao, D., Mwogosi, A., & Mambile, C. (2025). Broadband infrastructure sharing as a catalyst for rural digital economy: A systematic review for developing countries. Telecommunications Policy, 16 July, 103028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.telpol.2025.103028
Lee, Chong, Tanko, & Klufallah. (2022). Effect Between Trust in Communication Technology and Interorganizational Trust in BIM-enabled Projects. J. Constr. Eng. Manag, 148, 04022059.
Liu, Y., Li, X., Chen, J., & Lee, J. C. K. (2025). A bibliometric review of research on digital leadership, 1991–2025: Implications for digital leadership in education. Educational Management Administration & Leadership. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432251349806
Makrakis. (2024). Teachers’ Resilience Scale for Sustainability Enabled by ICT/Metaverse Learning Technologies: Factorial Structure, Reliability, and Validation. Sustainability, 16(17), 7679. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177679
Manap. (2023). The Analysis of Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Working Environment of Teachers in Islamic Private School. Journal on Education, 5(4), 10935–10942.
Masaeed, M. J. N., Shehada, S. A. J., & Mersal, M. A. S. (2025). The effect of digital transformation on teacher performance evaluation in Palestinian schools. Frontiers in Education, 10(April), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1440731
Matli, & Wamba. (2023). Work from Anywhere: Inequalities in Technology Infrastructure Distribution for DigitalWorkers. Digit. Transform. Soc, 2, 149–162.
Mohzana, Lubis, F. M., Ramli, A., Jayanto, I., Djunaedi, D., & Ibrahim, M. M. (2025). Analysis of the Influence of Facilities and Infrastructure, Adoption of IT and Principal Leadership on Teacher Performance. Edu Cendikia: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 5(01), 229–236. https://doi.org/10.47709/educendikia.v5i01.5758
Nurdin, D., Marnita, M., & Ghani, M. F. B. A. (2023). Digital Transformation To Improve Teachers’ Learning Management and Students’ Science Life Skills. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 12(3), 329–342. https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v12i3.44253
Okunlola, J. O. (2025). Digital leadership: shaping school effectiveness in the digital era - a meta-analysis. Educational Technology Quarterly, 3. https://doi.org/10.55056/etq.972
Pardede, P., & Sunarto. (2020). PERSEPSI GURU DAN SISWA TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN TIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH DI JAKARTA DAN SEKITARNYA. JURNAL DINAMIKA PENDIDIKAN, 3(3), 226–237. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.33541
Petko, D., Prasse, D., & Cantieni, A. (2022). The interplay of school readiness and school leadership in educational technology implementation. Computers & Education Open, 3, 100083. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2022.100083
Ramli, Mundzir, Suprianto, Ashadi, & Arifudin. (2024). Analysis of the Influence of Organizational Commitment on Work Discipline of Public High School Teachers. Journal on Education, 6(2), 12927–12934.
Reis‑Andersson, J. (2024). Leading the digitalisation process in K–12 schools – The school leaders’ perspective. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 2585–2603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11935-x
Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J. M. (2015). SmartPLS 3. Boenningstedt: SmartPLS GmbHBoenningstedt: SmartPLS GmbH.
Rosyida, L. W., & Sonia, N. R. (2025). Innovation diffusion perspective on digital transformation in education: Toward a smart school system. Research Journal of Islamic Education Management. https://doi.org/10.19105/re-jiem.vi.24272
Saeedikiya, Salamzadeh, Salamzadeh, & Aeeni. (2024). Cognitions Affecting Innovation among Generation Z Entrepreneurs: The External Enablement of Digital Infrastructure. Int. J. Entrep. Behav. Res, 30, 572–608.
Saputro, B., Tortop, H. S., Zuhri, M., Mansur, M., & Saerozi, M. (2021). The Effectiveness of the Learning Management System of Saqural Learning Application on the Scientific Interpretation Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia, 10(1), 111–120.
Scherer, R., Siddiq, F., Tondeur, J., & Howard, S. K. (2021). Becoming more specific: Measuring and modeling teachers’ perceived readiness for technology integration. Computers in Human Behavior, 118, 106699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106699
Schwab. (2017). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. World Economic Forum.
Sumarjono. (2023). Digital Library Facilities and Infrastructure Management YSU towards Bureaucratic Reform System 4.0. in the New Normal Era. Metafora: Education, Social Sciences and …, 7(02), 1–15. https://journal.unesa.ac.id/index.php/metafora/article/view/26547
Susanto, H., Martono, T., Wardani, D. K., Sangka, K. B., & Wahyono, B. (2025). Digital innovation in education: A study of e-procurement technology acceptance models. Information Technology for Development, 31(5), 1723–1744. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2025.2523878
Suwarto, Setiawan, & Machmiyah. (2022). Developing Digital Literacy Practices in Yogyakarta Elementary Schools. Electronic Journal of E-Learning, 20(2), 101–111. https://doi.org/10.34190/ejel.20.2.260
Syahputra, S. F., Irwan, D., Sahrawi, S., & Putra, M. I. R. (2024). An Analysis of Effective School Characteristics Practices in Schools. Scope : Journal of English Language Teaching, 8(2), 607. https://doi.org/10.30998/scope.v8i2.20285
Tian, & Lu. (2023). Digital Infrastructure and Cross-Regional Collaborative Innovation in Enterprises. Financ. Res. Lett, 58, 104635.
Umar, F., Niswanto, & Ismail. (2025). The Implementation of Managerial Competence of School Principals in Improving the Quality Culture of Public High Schools in West Aceh. Indonesian Journal of Applied and Industrial Sciences (ESA), 4(1), 213–224.
Xu, & Zhu. (2023). Factors Influencing the Use of ICT to Support Students’ Self-Regulated Learning in Digital Environment: The Role of Teachers in Lower Secondary Education of Shanghai, China. Psychology in the Schools, 60(11), 4312–4331. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22938
Yang, Q., Alias, B. S., & Mohd Nor, M. Y. (2025). Principals’ technology leadership and teachers’ ICT integration: A systematic review on capacity building for quality improvement and sustainable education. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 24(9). https://doi.org/10.26803/ijlter.24.9.11
Yarsasi, D., Tahyudin, I., & Hariguna, T. (2025). Analisis Validitas dan Reliabilitas Kuesioner dengan Metode Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling pada Aplikasi SMARTPLS. Jurnal Penelitian Teknologi Dan Industri, 17(1), 1–8.
Yusmiati, Widdah, M. El, & Yunus, A. (2025). Principal Strategies in Improving Information and Communication Technology Competence in Teachers. Journal of Educational Management Research, 04(02), 335–347.
Zahro, & Wahid. (2017). Peningkatan Kemampuan Guru Dalam Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi. Magister, 4(11).
Zhao, Q., Lee, B., & Liu, C. (2025). How does green finance affect green innovation in emerging market countries? The moderating role of information disclosure. Environment, Development and Sustainability.
Zhong, X., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Digital transformation speed and firms’ ambidextrous green innovation: Do employee stock ownership and education levels matter? Technology in Society, 83, 103024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103024
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Taufani Chusnul Kurniatun, Li Kun Mei
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
